GEOGRAPHY PYQS DEC 2020 JUNE 2021 SHIFT 1 PART 4 (61-80) NTA UGC NET
Geography PYQS DEC 2020 June 2021, PYQS UGC NET SHIFT I GEOGRAPHY, UGC NET PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS PAPER, Geography Old papers NTA UGC NET, Part 4 (61-80) PYQS JUNE 2021, DEC 2020 UGC NET GEOGRAPHY PYQS, GEOGRAPHY PYQS DEC 2020 JUNE 2021, SHIFT 1 GEOGRAPHY PYQS 2021
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Q.61. Match List I and List II:
List- I
(Thinker/Scholar)
(A) Gunnar Myrdal
(B) A.O. Hirschman
(C) John Friedmann
(D) J. Boudeville
List-II
(Theory/Model/Strategy)
(I) Strategy of unbalanced growth
(II) Circular and cumulative causation
(III) Growth centre and growth axis
(IV) Core and periphery
Codes:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(1) I II III IV
(2) II I IV III
(3) III IV I II
(4) IV III II I
Answer: 2
Explanation:
Q.62. Match List I with List II:
List I
Land forms
(A) Monadnocks
(B) Blind valley
(C) Drumline
(D) Zeugen
List II
Agents of gradation
(I) Wind
(II) Glacier
(III) River
(IV) Ground water
Codes:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(1) II III I IV
(2) IV II III I
(3) I II IV III
(4) III IV II I
Answer: 4
Explanation:
Q.63. A researcher wants to study the relationship of family size to income. He/She classifies population into different income slabs and then takes a random sample from selected slabs. Which one of the following techniques is he/she working with?
(1) Cluster sampling
(2) Random sampling
(3) Stratified random sampling
(4) Systematic sampling
Answer: 3
Stratified Random Sampling
- Stratified random sampling is a method of sampling that involves the division of a population into smaller groups known as strata.
- The groups or strata are organized based on the shared characteristics or attributes of the members in the group.
- The process of classifying the population into groups is called stratification.
- Stratified sampling is a commonly used probability method that is superior to random sampling because it reduces the sampling error.
- A stratum is a subset of the population that shares at least one common characteristic.
- Examples of strata might be males and females, or managers and non-managers. The researchers first identify the relevant Strata and their actual representation in the population.
- Random sampling is then used to select a sufficient number of a subject from each stratum.
- Cluster sampling: The procedure of selecting clusters and then observing all the elements in the selected clusters is known as cluster sampling
- Random sampling: If the units in the sample are selected using some random mechanism then such a procedure is called random sampling or probability sampling
- Systematic sampling: In systematic sampling, one unit is selected randomly and subsequent units are selected according to a pre-determined system. Invariably uniform distance is adopted for the preassigned system.
Q.64. Match Last I with List II
List I
Cultural Terms
(A) Cultural Hearth
(B) Cultural Landscape
(C) Cultural traits
(D) Cultural Realms
List II
Definition
(I) Cultural parameter that specify learned behaviour.
(II) Areas of innovation from which key cultural elements diffused to surrounding areas.
(III) Surfaces or areas modified by human action to produce tangible and physical records over a period of time.
(IV) Cultural regions showing related cultural complexes and landscapes.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(1) II IV I III
(2) III II I IV
(3) III IV I II
(4) II III I IV
Answer: 4
Explanation:
Cultural Hearth –
- A cultural hearth is a nuclear area within which an advanced and distinctive set of culture traits, ideas and technologies develops and from which there is diffusion of those characteristics and complexes.
- Areas of innovation from which key cultural elements diffused to surrounding areas.
Cultural Landscape-
- the artificial landscape the visible human imprint on the land the natural landscape as modified by human activities and bearing the imprint of a culture group or society the built environment
- Surfaces or areas modified by human action to produce tangible and physical records over a period of time.
Cultural traits-
- Cultural traits are the single elements or smallest units of a culture. They are the building blocks of the complex behavioral patterns of distinctive groups of people. They are “units of observation” which when put together constitute culture. According to Hoebel, a cultural trait is “a repeatedly irreducible unit of learned behaviour pattern or material product there of.” Any culture includes thousands of such units.
- Cultural parameter that specify learned behaviour.
Cultural Realms
- A set of cultural regions that have related cultural complexes and landscapes may be grouped together to form a cultural realm.
- Cultural regions showing related cultural complexes and landscapes.
Q.65. Arrange the following in a spatial order from equator:
(A) Northeast trades
(B) Horse latitudes
(C) Doldrum
(D) Westerlies
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(1) (C), (A), (B), (D)
(2) (B), (C), (D), (A)
(3) (A), (B), (C), D)
(4) (D), (A), (C), (B)
Answer: 1
Explanation:
Q.66. Who among the following scholars coined the term permafrost?
(1) Ritter
(2) Humboldt
(3) Agaziz
(4) Ramsay
Answer: 2
Explanation:
Q.67. Which one of the following depicts correct demographic equation of population growth?
(1) Natural increase and dependency ratios
(2) Natural increase and net migration
(3) In migration and birth rate
(4) Out-migration and death rate
Answer: 2
Explanation:
Q.68. Belize barrier reef is located between:
(1) Mexico and Cuba
(2) Jamaica and Honduras
(3) Mexico and Guatemala
(4) Mexico and Bahamas
Answer: 3
Explanation:
The Belize Barrier Reef is a series of coral reefs straddling the coast of Belize, roughly 300 meters offshore in the north and 40 kilometers in the south within the country limits.
Q.69. Which one of the following methods in used by researchers for reducing ‘biasness of scale’ while compositing several indicators?
(1) working out percentages and adding them together
(2) adding actual values of all indicators
(3) segregating positive and negative indicators
(4) dividing the values of indicators with their mean values
Answer: 4
Explanation:
Q.70. Which one of the following frequency distribution is negatively skewed?
(1) A
(2) B
(3) C
(4) D
Answer: 4
Explanation:
Q.71. Which one of the following groups of land forms is produced by erosion?
(A) Fiords, Drumline, Natural levees
(B) Playa, Pinacle, Swallow holes
(C) Esters, Outwash plain, Till
(D) Cirques, Stalagmites, Ventifacts
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(1) (A) and (D) only
(2) (A) only
(3) (B) and (D) only
(4) (B) only
Answer: 4
Explanation:
Q.72. Lateral planation theory of pediment formation was propounded by
(1) W.M. Davis
(2) Ven Richthofen
(3) G.K. Gilbert
(4) C. Darwin
Answer: 3
Explanation:
Four theories for the development of pediments
Recession Theory- A.C. Lawson (1915)
Sheet-Flood Theory – W.J. McGee (1897)
Lateral Erosion Theory- G.K. Gilbert, S. Paige (1912), Eliot Black-welder (1931), D.W. Johnson (1932), Berkey, Morris etc.
Composite Theory- Kirk Bryan, W.M. Davis, R.P. Sharp, James Giluly, J.L. Rich, W.H. Bradley, L.C. King, T.J.D. Fair
Q.73. Match List I and List II:
List I
Urban terms
(A) Urbanized Area
(B) Conurbation
(C) Urban Influence Zone
(D) Primate City
List II
Definitions
(I) Continuously built up landscapes with no political boundaries
(II) Continuous urban built-up area with multiple urban centres
(III) A city with much higher population (more than twice) than the proportion of second largest city
(IV) Areas outside cities having significant city influence
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(1) I II IV III
(2) III II I IV
(3) II III I IV
(4) IV II I III
Answer: 1
Explanation:
- Urbanized Area- Continuously built up landscapes with no political boundaries
- Conurbation- Continuous urban built-up area with multiple urban centres. This term coined by Patrick Geddes
- Urban Influence Zone – A city with much higher population (more than twice) than the proportion of second largest city
- Primate City- Areas outside cities having significant city influence. This concept given by Mark Jefferson.
Q.74. In any thematic map, which of the following methods are used to record presence of phenomenon; its spatial pattern, distribution and dispersion
(1) Isopleth Mapping
(2) Isoline Mapping
(3) Choropleth Mapping
(4) Dot method mapping
Answer: 4
Explanation:
Dot method mapping-
The dot maps are drawn to show the distribution of phenomena such as population, cattle, types of crops, etc.
Choropleth Mapping –
The choropleth maps are also drawn to depict the data characteristics as they are related to the administrative units. These maps are used to represent the density of population, literacy/growth rates, sex ratio, etc.
Isopleth Mapping:
We have seen that the data related to the administrative units are represented using choropleth maps. However, the variations within the data, in many cases, may also be observed on the basis of natural boundaries. For example, variations in the degrees of slope, temperature, occurrence of rainfall, etc. possess characteristics of the continuity in the data. These geographical facts may be represented by drawing the lines of equal values on a map. All such maps are termed as Isopleth Map. The word Isopleth is derived from Iso meaning equal and pleth means lines. Thus, an imaginary line, which joins the places of equal values, is referred as Isopleth. The more frequently drawn isopleths include Isotherm (equal temperature), Isobar (equal pressure), Isohyets (equal rainfall), Isonephs (equal cloudiness), Isohels (equal sunshine), contours (equal heights), Isobaths (equal depths), Isohaline (equal salinity), etc.
Q.75. What is the total duration of time required to complete the two cycles of high and low tides at any place?
(1) 24 hours
(2) 12 hours
(3) Less than 12 hours
(4) More than 24 hours
Answer: 4
Explanation:
Tides occur twice a day, their interval is not exactly 12 hours. Instead, they occur at regular intervals of 12 hours and 25 minutes.
So it will take 24 hours and 50 minutes to complete the two cycles of high and low tides at any place.
Q.76. Match List I with List II
List I
Transport Network Measures Density
(A) Network
(B) Pi Index
(C) Eta Index
(D) Theta Index
List II
Definition
(I) Average length per link
(II) Transport network in terms of km of links (L) per square kilometer of surface (S)
(III) The relationship between total length of the graph (G) and the distance a log its diameter D (d)
(IV) Average amount of traffic per intersection
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(1) I II III IV
(2) II I IV III
(3) III I IV II
(4) II III I IV
Answer: 4
Explanation:
- Network- Transport network in terms of km of links (L) per square kilometer of surface (S)
- Pi Index- The relationship between total length of the graph (G) and the distance a log its diameter D (d)
- Eta Index- Average length per link
- Theta Index- Average amount of traffic per intersection
Pi index is the ratio between the diameter (d; vertical axis) and length of the network (horizontal axis). A low Pi index is linked with a low level of network development (such as simple corridors) and a high value of Pi is linked with a more extensively developed network (a system of linked cities).
Eta is the average length per link. Adding new nodes will cause a decrease of Eta as the average length per link declines.
Theta index measures the function of a node, that is the average amount of traffic per intersection. The higher the index is, the greater the load of the network. The measure can also be applied to the number of links (edges).
Network Density Measures the territorial occupation of a transport network in terms of km of links (L) per square kilometers of surface (S).
Q.77. Match List I with List II:
List I
(Theories of origin of tides)
(A) Equilibrium Theory
(B) Dynamical Theory
(C) Progressive wave Theory
(D) Stationary wave Theory
List II
(Propounded by)
(I) Newton
(II) Laplace
(III) Whewell
(IV) Harris
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(1) IV III II I
(2) III II IV I
(3) II IV I III
(4) I II III IV
Answer: 4
Explanation:
- Equilibrium Theory- Issac Newton (1687)
- Dynamical Theory- Laplace (1756)
- Progressive wave Theory- William Whewell (1842)
- Stationary wave Theory- A Harris
Q.78. The volume, nature and direction of global trade is influenced by
(A) Economic advancement
(B) Comparative and locational advantage
(C) Historical factors and investment
(D) Changes in global market
(E) Geographical distance
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(1) (A) and (B) only
(2) (B), (C) and (E) only
(3) (B), (C) and (D) only
(4) (A), B) and (C) only
Answer: 2
Explanation:
Q.79. Geo-Strategic model in political geography was propounded by:
(1) Spykman
(2) Saul Cohen
(3) John Short
(4) John Agnew
Answer: 2
Explanation:
Q.80. Who among the following geographers, focused on man centered Geography?
(A) Davis and Sample
(B) Huntington and Blache
(C) Gefferron and Humboldt
(D) Blache and Reclus
(E) Guelke and Jean Brunhes
Choose the correct answer from the options given below
(1) (A) and (B) only
(2) (B) and (D) only
(3) (D) and (E) only
(4) (A) and (D) only
Answer: 3
Explanation:
Geographers, focused on man centered Geography are- Blache, Reclus, Guelke and Jean Brunhes
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