THEORIES AND MODELS IN GEOGRAPHY: Settlement and Urban Geography

Part 5 Settlement and Urban Geography Theories & Models in Geography for UGC NET Exam

PDF DOWNLOAD LINK IN THE BOTTOM OF THIS POST

Settlement and Urban Geography MODELS AND THEORIES FOR UGC NET EXAM, THEORIES AND MODELS IN GEOGRAPHY NOTES, MODEL IN GEOGRAPHY STUDY MATERIAL, THEORIES AND MODELS PYQS, 

Theories and Models in Geography

Part 1- Geomorphology –  Uniformitarianism, Isostasy, Continental Drift Theory, Cavern Formation Theory

Part 2- Climatology – Rainfall Formation Theories, Climatic Classification of Koeppen’s & Thronthwaite’s

Part 2- Oceanography – Theories of Coral Formation, Theories of Origin of Tides

Part 3- Agricultural Geography- Von Thunen’s Model of Land Use, Whittlesey Classification

Part 3- Economic Geography-  Industrial Location Theory by Alfred Weber

Part 3- Regional Planning & Development – Economic Growth Model of Rostow, Gunnar Myrdal, O Hirschman, John Friedman, Francois Perroux, Planning Process of MacKaye, Planning Regions of V. Nath, Bhat & Rao, Sen Gupta & Chandrasekhara

Part 4- Population Geography – Population Resource Regions – Ackerman, Theories of Population Growth- Malthusian Theory of Population, Demographic Transition Theory, Theory of Migration- Ravenstein’s Laws, Zelinsky, Push & Pull Theory

Part 5- Settlement and Urban Geography-  CENTRAL PLACE THEORY, Economic Location Theory of August Losch, Theories of Urban Urban Morphology- E.W. Burgess, Homer Hoyt, C.D Harris & E.L Ullman

Part 6- Political Geography- Heartland Theory, Rimland Theory

Part 6- Geographical Thought- Philosophical Approaches -Positivism, Pragmatism, Idealism, Realism, New or Critical Realism, Phenomenology, Radicalism, Behaviouralism, Welfare Approach

Settlement and Urban Geography

1. CENTRAL PLACE THEORY – Walter Christaller (1933)

He proposed this theory in his book- ‘Central Places in Southern Germany’

Central Place Theory (CPT) is an attempt to explain the spatial arrangement, size, and number of human settlements.

Christaller based his theory on two Economic Concepts:

Threshold Limit

Range of Goods

 

The Christaller Central Place theory has three principles, viz:

(a) Marketing Principle K=3

(b) Transportation Principle K=4

(c) Administrative principle K=7

       

2. Economic Location Theory or Theory of Market by August Losch (1954)

August Losch published book titled “Economics of Location” in which he established a general theory of location.

* Profit Maximization Theory

* Emphasis on Demand

 

Theories of Urban Urban Morphology

1. Concentric Zone Model – E.W. Burgess (1924)

Concentric zone model of urban land use proposed by E.W. Burgess in 1924

Different Name – ‘ecological theory of city structure’, the Bull’s Eye Model, the Concentric Ring Model, Concentric Circles Model.

Model Based- Chicago City (America)

5 Zones:

1. Central Business District
2. Zone in Transition
3. Zone of Independent Workmen’s Home:
4. Zone of Better Residence
5. Commuter’s Zone

 

2. Wedge or Sectoral Model – by Homer Hoyt and M R Davis (1939)

Postulated in 1939

Based on: Study of 64 American Cities.

 

5 Sectors

1. Central Business District (CBD)
2. Wholesale & Light Manufacturing
3. Low-class residential
4. Middle-class residential
5. High class residential

 

 

3. Multiple Nuclei Model by C.D Harris & E.L Ullman (1945)

Postulated – 1945

Based on: Chicago city

9 Discrete Centres of Nuclei

1. Central Business District (CBD)
2. Wholesale and Light Manufacturing
3. Low class Residential
4. Middle class Residential
5. High class Residential
6. Heavy Manufacturing
7. Outlying Business District
8. Residential Suburb
9. Industrial Suburb

 

4. Primate City – Mark Jefferson (1939)
5. Rank Size Rule by GK Zipf (1949)

 

Theories of Origin of Towns

1. Concept of Urban Revolution – Gordon Childe (1930)

Describes Transition from agricultural villages to urban societies

Book he wrote ‘Man makes Himself’ in 1936

 

2. Henry Priene’s Theory (1895)

Formation of European Towns

He wrote – ‘City Origins’ and ‘Cities and European Civilization’

 

3. Lewis Mumford’s Theory of Urban Implosion

Work

• Technics and Civilization (1934),
• The Culture of Cities (1938),
• The Condition of Man (1944),
• The Conduct of Life (1951),
• The city in History (1961) (Received National Book Award)

DOWNLOAD PDF HERE (Settlement and Urban Geography)