POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY 50 IMPORTANT MCQS PART 1 FOR NTA UGC NET
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Q.1. Who is called Father of Political Geography?
(A) H.J. Mackinder
(B) F. Ratzel
(C) A.T. Mahan
(D) Spykeman
Answer: B
Explanation:
- Ratzel:
- German geographer and ethnographer.
- Lebensraum (Living Space) – State like organisms, it must either grow or die and can never stand still
- Anthropogeographie Volume I – 1882 – Deterministic Approach
- Anthropogeographie Volume II- 1891 – Pseudo Possibilistic Approach
- Politische Geographie (1897)
- Volkerkunde Three Volume – 1885, 1886, 1888
Q.2. Who coined the term GEOPOLITICS?
(A) Spykeman
(B) Mackinder
(C) Kjellen
(D) Haushoffer
Answer: C
Explanation:
In 1899 Rudolf Kjellen first time used the term Geopolitik/Geopolitics
Haushofer is Known as the Father of Geopolitic
Q.3. Whose portrayal epitomized the relationship of political geography to foreign policy?
(A) Karl Haushofer
(B) Adolf Hitler
(C) Isaiah Bowman
(D) Winston Churchill
Answer: A
Explanation:
Q.4. The book Polar Geopolitics is written by whom of the following
(A) R.D. Dixit
(B) V. Kolossov
(C) O.H.K. Spate
(D) Richard Powell
Answer: D
Explanation:
Q.5. Carta-Marina is
(A) A cartographic instrument used by Arab geographers
(B) A book authored by Al-Masudi
(C) A map of America prepared by Waldseemuller
(D) A age succeeding to age of discover
Answer: C
Explanation:
Martin Waldseemuller was a German cartographer and humanist scholar.
Carta-Marina is map of America prepared by Waldseemuller.
Q.6. Organic Theory of the state was propounded by (DEC-2013)
(A) Mackinder
(B) Ratzel
(C) Haushofer
(D) Isaish Bawman
Answer: B
Explanation:
Q.7. Who wrote the book known as the ‘World Political Geography’?
(A) G.E. Pearcy
(B) Hartshorne
(C) Stephen B. Jones
(D) J.K. Wright
Answer: A
Explanation:
Q.8. The relationship among power structure’s the environment and economic inequalities is termed is
(A) Political Ecology
(B) Gerrymandering
(C) Eco terrorism
(D) Cultural Diffusion
Answer: A
Explanation:
Political ecology is the study of the relationships between political, economic and social factors with environmental issues and changes. Political ecology differs from apolitical ecological studies by politicizing environmental issues and phenomena.
Gerrymandering is when politicians manipulate voting district boundaries to favor one party over another.
Gerrymandering is a practice intended to establish an unfair political advantage for a particular party or group by manipulating district boundaries, which is most commonly used in first-past-the-post electoral systems.
Two principal tactics are used in gerrymandering: “cracking” (i.e. diluting the voting power of the opposing party’s supporters across many districts) and “packing” (concentrating the opposing party’s voting power in one district to reduce their voting power in other districts)
Ecoterrorism, also called ecological terrorism or environmental terrorism, destruction, or the threat of destruction, of the environment by states, groups, or individuals in order to intimidate or to coerce governments or civilians.
Culture diffusion also often called cultural diffusion or transcultural diffusion, is a term from anthropology, specifically cultural anthropology, a subfield that focuses on how cultures vary among the human population.
Cultural diffusion describes the spread of one culture’s practices, beliefs, and/or items, like food, music, or tools. This spread can be among members of the same culture or to completely different cultures around the world.
Cultural diffusion is why many cultures around the world share similarities
Q.9. Which of the following statements is not true about a state?
(A) It always has a social or cultural base
(B) It has a territorial base
(C) It claims internal sovereignty
(D) It claims sovereignty in external relations
Answer: D
Explanation:
The state has four essential elements:
- Population
- Territory
- Government
- Sovereignty
Q.10. Quasi federal form of government is found in
(A) U.S.A.
(B) Great Britain
(C) Russia
(D) India
Answer: D
Explanation:
- Quasi-federalism means an intermediate form of state between a unitary state and a federation.
- It combines the features of a federal government and the features of a unitary government.
- India is regarded as a semi-federal state or a quasi-federal state as described by Prof. K.C. Wheare.
- The Supreme Court of India also describes it as a federal structure with a strong bias towards the Centre.
Q.11. A primary differentiation between a state and a nation is that
(A) Multiple concept, whereas nation is permanent
(B) Political abstract, whereas a nation is a human group
(C) fixed geographical item, whereas a nation is not linked to a territory
(D) Product of history, whereas a nation is a product of people
Answer: B
Explanation:
| State | Nation |
| A state is an independent political entity with clear geographic boundaries | A nation is a large population that shares the same culture, language, tradition and history. |
| It refers to a territory | It refers to a group of people. |
| It has a fixed territory | It doesn’t have a fixed territory. |
| It is a political and legal entity. | It is a socio-cultural entity. |
Q.12. Who among the following political scholars appealed in 1949 for a more geographical political geography?
(A) Hartshorne
(B) G.E. Pearcy
(C) R.H. Fifield
(D) George T. Kenner
Answer: A
Explanation:
- Hartshorne: His Monumental Work
- The Nature of Geography (1939)
- Perspective on the Nature of Geography (1952)
Q.13. Which of the following significantly weaken the strength of Mackinder geopolitical heartland theory?
(A) Existence of a pivot area
(B) Growth of soviet power in Eastern Europe
(C) Ascendance of the United States International influence after World War-II
(D) Rise of Nazi in Germany
Answer: C
Explanation:
Q.14. Who propounded the “Theory of Heartland” in political geography?
(A) Smith
(B) Mackinder
(C) Spykman
(D) Mark Jefferson
Answer: B
Explanation:
Q.15. H.J. Mackinder was the professor of which subject at London University
(A) Political Science
(B) Social Anthropology
(C) Economics
(D) Geography
Answer: D
Explanation:
Q.16. In 1919, Mackinder renamed his ‘Pivot Area’ as Heartland in famous book
(A) Foreign Affairs
(B) The round world and the winning of the peace
(C) The democratic ideals and reality
(D) World war and Geography
Answer: C
Explanation:
| 1. The Democratic ideals and Reality | Mackinder |
| 2. Geographical Pivot of History (1904)
|
Mackinder |
| 3. Round World and the Winning of the Peace | Mackinder |
Q.17. The round world and winning of peace (1943) was written by
(A) Hartshorne
(B) Mackinder
(C) Haushofer
(D) Isaiah Bowman
Answer: B
Explanation:
Q.18. The Mackinder Heartland theory is based on in which projection
(A) Polyconic Projection
(B) Bonnes Projection
(C) Sinusoidal Projection
(D) Mercator Projection
Answer: D
Explanation:
Q.19. In Mackinder Theory of Heartland, the country India is lies on
(A) Pivot Area
(B) Inner Crescent
(C) Outer Crescent
(D) Stationery Crescent
Answer: B
Explanation:
Q.20. Who was the author of the Geography of Peace (1944)
(A) Kjellen
(B) Mackinder
(C) Haushoffer
(D) Spykman
Answer: D
Explanation:
Q.21. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer
| List-I
(Scholars) |
List-II
(Global Strategic Views) |
| A. Serversky, A.N.P. | 1. Sea Power |
| B. Mackinder, H.J. | 2. Rimland Theory |
| C. Spykman, N.J. | 3. Air Power |
| D. Mahan, A.T. | 4. Land Power |
Codes:
| A | B | C | D | |
| A. | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| B. | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 |
| C. | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 |
| D. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
Answer: A
Explanation
| Scholars | Nature of Power |
| Serversky, A.N.P. | Air Power |
| Mackinder, H.J. | Land Power |
| Spykman, N.J. | Sea Power |
| Mahan, A.T. | Sea Power |
Q.22. Who proposed the concept of Geopolitics, based on ocean power?
(A) C. Ritter
(B) A.T. Mahan
(C) Spykman
(D) Mackinder
Answer: B
Explanation:
A.T. Mahan-
Book- The influence of sea power upon History (1890)
Q.23. What is Gerrymandering?
(A) The citizens of the country who love their own country
(B) The citizens of the country who hate their own country
(C) It is a practice intended to establish a political advantage for a particular party or group by manipulating district boundaries
(D) It is a practice of against the government due to malpractices
Answer: C
Explanation:
Gerrymandering is when politicians manipulate voting district boundaries to favor one party over another.
Gerrymandering is a practice intended to establish an unfair political advantage for a particular party or group by manipulating district boundaries, which is most commonly used in first-past-the-post electoral systems.
Two principal tactics are used in gerrymandering: “cracking” (i.e. diluting the voting power of the opposing party’s supporters across many districts) and “packing” (concentrating the opposing party’s voting power in one district to reduce their voting power in other districts)
Q.24. The invisible line that demarcating the outer limits of territory under the sovereign jurisdiction of a nation or state is called
(A) Frontier
(B) Cultural Diffusion
(C) Boundary
(D) State Sovereignty
Answer: C
Explanation:
| Boundary | Frontier |
| A boundary is a line usually well-defined and controlled by two states. | A Frontier is an area, usually not well defined, not under full control of either state. |
| Thin, invisible imaginary Lines | Tangible Geographical area |
| Inner- Oriented | Outer-oriented |
| Separating factor | Integrating factor |
| Political and Legal in nature | Natural/Geographical in Nature |
| Phenomena of the Present | Phenomena of the Past |
Q.25. A zone separating two states in which neither state exercises the political control is called
(A) Boundary
(B) Cultural Diffusion
(C) Frontier
(D) State Sovereignty
Answer: C
Explanation: