GEOGRAPHICAL TECHNIQUES 140 IMPORTANT MCQS PART 3 FOR NTA UGC NET
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Q.41. Significance of Regression Coefficient in Bivariate Analysis is studied by using the
(A) Standard Deviation
(B) Regression
(C) F-Test
(D) T Test
Answer: D
Explanation:
Regression coefficient is a statistical measure of the average functional relationship between two or more variables. In regression analysis, one variable is considered as dependent and other(s) as independent. Thus, it measures the degree of dependence of one variable on the other(s). Regression coefficient was first used for estimating the relationship between the heights of fathers and their sons.
T Test:
A t-test is a statistic that checks if two means are reliably different from each other.
T-test find out significantly difference exists between two groups of data.
History: The t-statistic was introduced in 1908 by William Sealy Gosset.
Q.42. The Cadastral maps are shows
(A) Boundaries of field and plots
(B) Distribution of crops
(C) Relief and drainage
(D) Urban Areas
Answer: A
Explanation:
Cadastral Maps
These maps are drawn on a very large scale, varying from 16 inches to a mile, to 32 inches to a mile. Thus, it shows all possible details of an area. The cadastral maps are drawn especially to demarcate the boundaries of fields, buildings etc. for better town planning as well as define the ownership of the properties. These maps are of immense importance to the local government as they help in better revenue collection. Diagonal scales are generally used for cadastral maps.
Q.43. A graph in which mean monthly temperature is plotted against the monthly rainfall is
(A) Climograph
(B) Ergograph
(C) Hythergraph
(D) Hypsography
Answer: C
Explanation:
Hythergraph
This graph was also introduced by Griffith Taylor to show the relationship between temperature and rainfall. Monthly temperature is plotted on Y-axis and rainfall along X- axis . The 12 points, each for a month, are marked on the graph and a 12-sided figure is obtaining by joining these points. This graph is important for comparing the climatic character of different regions.
Q.44. In which projection the loxodromes are shown as straight like
(A) Polyconic Projection
(B) Borne Projection
(C) Mercator Projection
(D) Sinusoidal Projection
Answer: C
Explanation:
A loxodrome (or rhumb line) is a line crossing all meridians at a constant angle. This is best illustrated using the Mercator projection, which is in fact why it is so good for marine navigation, since courses of constant compass bearing (loxodromes) appear as straight lines.
Q.45. The international projection is a modified form of
(A) Sinusoidal Projection
(B) Polyconic Projection
(C) Bonne Projection
(D) Mercator projection
Answer: B
Explanation:
Q.46. A large scale map which indicate the detailed surface features of an areas both physical and human aspects is called
(A) Wall Map
(B) Topographical Map
(C) Relief Map
(D) Thematic Map
Answer: B
Explanation:
Topographical Maps
These maps are drawn on a fairly large scale varying from one inch to a mile to 1/4 inch to a mile. They show principal topographic forms like relief, forests, drainage, villages, towns, means of communications, water pipelines etc. These maps are most important for geographical research of a small area. Topographical maps are drawn with the help of aerial photographs as well as using the methods of triangulation survey. Most of the European countries use the scale 1:25000 to 1 : 100000 for their mapping sheets. In USA, the toposheets are drawn 3 or 1: 62500 or 1 : 125000 scale.
With the introduction of metric system in India, the one inch maps have been revised to 1:50000 scale.
The ‘one-in-a-million’ map, which is used to produce a uniform map of the world is an example of topographical map. The one-in-a-million map is also termed International map. Itr consists of 2222 sheets representing maps of the whole world.
Q.47. Which one of the following is the best technique to represent the relief features?
(A) Hachures
(B) Hill-Shading
(C) Spot Heights
(D) Contours
Answer: D
Explanation:
Contours
An imaginary line on the ground surface joining the equal elevation is known as contour.
Uses of Contour Line:
- It helps for getting the information about the ground whether it is flat, undulating or mountainous.
- It helps us to locate the physical features of the ground such as pond depression, steep or small slopes.
- In Topographical map
- In Hilly Region for Farming Purpose
- To Avoid Soil Erosion on the slope
- To stop the flow of Water from the slope so that it can be infiltrate.
Q.48. The Sten De Gear method is the best technique to show the
(A) Rural Population
(B) Urban Population
(C) Rural – Urban Population
(D) Population of small towns and cities
Answer: C
Explanation:
Q.49. The Cadastral maps are
(A) Topographical maps
(B) Medium scale maps
(C) Large scale maps
(D) Small scale maps
Answer: C
Explanation:
Cadastral Maps
These maps are drawn on a very large scale, varying from 16 inches to a mile, to 32 inches to a mile. Thus, it shows all possible details of an area. The cadastral maps are drawn especially to demarcate the boundaries of fields, buildings etc. for better town planning as well as define the ownership of the properties. These maps are of immense importance to the local government as they help in better revenue collection. Diagonal scales are generally used for cadastral maps.
Q.50. The Wall maps are
(A) Large scale map
(B) Small scale map
(C) Medium scale map
(D) Topographical Map
Answer: B
Explanation:
Wall Maps
Wall maps are also known as classroom maps, as they are used for classroom study. Their scale is smaller than that of the topographical maps, but larger than the atlas maps. Wan Wall maps may be prepared for a continent or a country or the world as a whole.
Q.51. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below
| List-I | List-II |
| A. Planimeter | 1. For measuring area of map |
| B. Pantograph | 2. For showing climate and growing season |
| C. Opisometer | 3. For enlargement and reduction of map |
| D. Ergo graph | 4. For measuring distance of a map |
Codes:
| A | B | C | D | |
| A. | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 |
| B. | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| C. | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| D. | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Answer: A
Explanation:
- Planimeter
A planimeter, also known as a platometer, is a measuring instrument used to determine the area of an arbitrary two-dimensional shape.
- Pantograph
A pantograph is an instrument used for reducing or enlarging a map or drawing.
- Opisometer
An opisometer, also called a curvimeter, meilograph, or map measurer, is an instrument for measuring the lengths of arbitrary curved lines.
The instrument is most commonly used to measure the lengths of roads, rivers and other line features on maps. Opisometers designed for this purpose provide scales reading the measured distance in kilometers and miles.
- Ergo graph
This graph shows relationship between season, climate and crops. •the climate is represented by monthly average temperature, rainfall and relative humidity , which are marked along the Y- axis. •The twelve month are marked along the X-axis. Below the X- axis, the acreage of various crops is shown on some selected scale. A GEDDES and AG OGILVIE presented circular ergograph to show the continuous rhythm of seasonal activities.
Q.52. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below
| List-I | List-II |
| A. Theodolite | 1. Measures vertical angle |
| B. Anemometer | 2. Measures Horizontal and vertical angle |
| C. Hypsometer | 3. Determines the absolute height of place |
| D. Clinometer | 4. Measures the velocity of wind |
Codes:
| A | B | C | D | |
| A. | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 |
| B. | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 |
| C. | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| D. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
Answer: C
Explanation:
- Theodolite
A theodolite is a precision optical instrument for measuring angles between designated visible points in the horizontal and vertical planes.
- Anemometer
An anemometer is a device used for measuring wind speed and direction.
- Hypsometer
A hypsometer is an instrument for measuring height or elevation. Two different principles may be used: trigonometry and atmospheric pressure.
- Clinometer
An inclinometer or clinometer is an instrument used for measuring angles of slope, elevation, or depression of an object with respect to gravity’s direction.
Q.53. The difference between the highest value and lowest value in a series of item is called
(A) Mean
(B) Median
(C) Mode
(D) Range
Answer: D
Explanation:
Range
The Range is the difference between the lowest and highest values. Example: In {4, 6, 9, 3, 7} the lowest value is 3, and the highest is 9. So the range is 9 − 3 = 6.
Q.54. The application of statistics to economics is called
(A) Ecology
(C) Econometrics
(B) Economics Mathematics
(D) Theoretical Economics
Answer: B
Explanation:
Econometrics
Econometrics is the application of statistical methods to economic data in order to give empirical content to economic relationships
Q.55. Spearman’s method of calculating coefficient of correlation is based on
(A) Position
(B) Rank
(C) Straight Line
(D) Graphic
Answer: B
Explanation:
Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient
In statistics, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient or Spearman’s ρ, named after Charles Spearman and often denoted by the Greek letter ρ, is a nonparametric measure of rank correlation (statistical dependence between the rankings of two variables). It assesses how well the relationship between two variables can be described using a monotonic function.
Q.56. The headquarter of National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organization (NATMO) is located at
(A) Kolkata
(B) Dehradun
(C) New Delhi
(D) Hyderabad
Answer: A
Explanation:
National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organization (NATMO):
National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organization(NATMO) functioning as a subordinate department under the Department of Science & Technology, Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India, with its headquarter at Kolkata.
Since its inception, it is the sole national agency bearing the responsibility of depicting national framework data in the form of thematic maps and atlases to cater the various needs of different sectors.
NATMO being a specialized institution of its kind also engaged cartographic and geographical researches at national level.
NATMO has conceived and published more than eight hundred themes under the broad category of physical, social, economic, environmental disciplines. It has the largest repository of spatial and non-spatial data processed with greater accuracy for delivering good quality products. To ensure precision and value addition, NATMO keeps pace with the most modern technologies viz. GIS , GPS and Remote sensing.
Q.57. The instrument ranging roads and alidade is used for
(A) Map Making
(B) Shading
(C) Measurement of an Area
(D) Plane Table Surveying
Answer: D
Explanation:
Plane Table Surveying
Plane Table Surveying is a graphical method of survey in which the field observations and plotting are done simultaneously.
It is simple and cheaper than theodolite survey. It is most suitable for small scale maps.
The plan is drawn by the surveyor in the field, while the area to be surveyed is before his eyes.
Therefore, there is no possibility of omitting the necessary measurements.
Equipments
The following instruments are used in plane table surveying.
Plane Table
Tripod
Ranging roads
Alidade
Q.58. The Sextant instrument used for
(A) For measuring areas of map
(B) Measuring the horizontal and vertical angle
(C) Determining the absolute height of place
(D) Measures the velocity of wind
Answer: B
Explanation:
A sextant is an instrument used for measuring the angle between two visible objects. Both horizontal and vertical angles can be measured using a sextant. It contains two mirrors which are arranged in such a way that the observer can sight both the objects at the same time. It is mainly used for navigational purposes in sea routes.
Q.59. The Ergography was devised by
(A) A. Geddes
(B) G. Taylor
(C) A. Robinson
(D) E. Wilford
Answer: A
Explanation:
Ergography/Ergograph:
An ergograph is a graph that shows a relation between human activities, or agricultural/climate factors, and a seasonal year.
The name was coined by Dr. Arthur Geddes of the University of Edinburgh.
Q.60. The term Raw, Keen, Scorching and Muggy are used in
(A) Hythergraph
(B) Pantograph
(C) Climograph
(D) Ergo graph
Answer: C
Explanation:
Climograph
This graph was introduced by Griffith Taylor in first-half of 20th century. Koeppen used this graph to show the variations in the world climate. In the graph, the wet-bulb temperature (°F) is plotted on Y-axis and the relative humidity as monthly average on X-axis. Twelve points, for each month are plotted in the graph with respect to the temperature and relative humidity. These points are then joined to obtain a 12 sided figure, which is called the climograph of a particular place.
Raw It denotes wet-bulb temperature below 40°F and relative humidity over 70%.
Muggy It denotes temperature over 60°F and RH over 70%.
Scorching It denotes temperature over 60°F and RH less than 40%.
Keen It denotes temperature below 40°F and RH less than 40%.
The climograph was devised to show the scale of habitability for white settlers within the tropics.