JUNE 2013 PAPER 3 GEOGRAPHY NTA UGC NET
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So, This is the official Questions Paper and Answer Key for the paper 3 geography conducted on JUNE 2013, taken from www.cbsenet.nic.in
Note: This paper contains fifty (75) multiple choice questions, each questions carrying two (2) marks. Attempt all of them.
(PDF) For download pdf file of question paper go to the bottom of this post.
Q.1. Which of the following is not considered to be characteristics feature of the youthful stage of an ideal normal cycle of erosion?
(A) Natural levees
(B) Pot holes
(C) Gorges
(D) River capture
Answer: (A)
Q.2. Sand dunes formed as long ridges oriented at right angles to the wind direction are called
(A) Linear dunes
(B) Barchan dunes
(C) Transverse dunes
(D) Star dunes
Answer: (C)
Q.3. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below: (UGC NET- JUNE 2013)
| List – I (Scholar) | List – II (Theory) |
| (a) Harry Hass | (i) Doctrine of Uniformitarianism |
| (b) Hall and Dana | (ii) Thermal Contraction Theory |
| (c) Jeffreys | (iii) Theory of Geosyncline |
| (d) Hutton | (iv) Sea Floor Spreading Theory |
Codes:
| a | b | c | d | |
| (A) | iv | iii | ii | i |
| (B) | iii | i | ii | iv |
| (C) | i | iii | ii | iv |
| (D) | ii | iv | i | iii |
Answer: (A)
Q.4. Who stated that the slope profiles are convex, plane or concave according to the circumstances of the uplifting action?
(A) Davis
(B) Penck
(C) Johnson
(D) Wood
Answer: (B)
Q.5. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select your answer from the codes given below:
Assertion (A): Hawaii Island is a site of volcanic eruptions.
Reason (R): Convergent plate margins are sites of volcanic eruptions.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is correct, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is correct.
Answer: (B)
Q.6. Match the following List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the code given below: (UGC NET- JUNE 2013)
List – I
(a) Karst cycle
(b) Sheet flood theory of pediment formation
(c) Concept of Pediplain
(d) Origin of natural bridges in Karst regions
List – II
(i) McGee
(ii) Cvijic
(iii) Woodward
(iv) Maxon and Anderson
Codes:
| a | b | c | d | |
| (A) | i | iii | iv | ii |
| (B) | ii | i | iv | iii |
| (C) | iii | ii | i | iv |
| (D) | i | ii | iii | iv |
Answer: B
Q.7. The statement “The present is the key to the past” is related to
(A) Catastrophism
(B) Uniformitarianism
(C) Isostasy
(D) Diastrophism
Answer: (B)
Q.8. The theory of plate tectonics does not help to explain the origin and location of which one of the following?
(A) Earthquakes
(B) Mountains
(C) Ocean currents
(D) Major sea floor features
Answer: (C)
Q.9. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and other labelled as Reason (R). Select your answer from the codes given below:
Assertion (A): The boundary between two air masses of different density is known as a front.
Reason (R): The difference in density is caused by differences in temperature and humidity.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
(D) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
Answer: (B)
Q.10. Which of the following winds fall in the Zone of Hadley Cell?
(A) Monsoon winds
(B) Trade winds
(C) Westerlies
(D) Polar winds
Answer: (B)
Q.11. Which one of the following is correct, when the combined effect of the pressure gradient force and coriolis force on air current produces?
(A) Deflection force
(B) Geostrophic force
(C) Frictional force
(D) Gravitational force
Answer: (B)
Q.12. The term adiabatic change of temperature stands for
(A) Fall of temperature after precipitation
(B) Heating and cooling of an ascending or descending air through compression of expansion.
(C) Heating of ascending air
(D) Cooling of descending air
Answer: (B)
Q.13. What are the effects of the low level temperature inversion occurring in cool nights over the urban areas?
(a) Entrapment of pollutants causing heavily smog.
(b) Pleasant weather conditions
(c) Unusually unstable air
(d) Unusually stable air
Select your answer using the codes given below:
Codes:
(A) (a) and (c)
(B) (b) and (c)
(C) (a) and (d)
(D) (b) and (d)
Answer: (C)
Q.14. The ‘Ice Crystal Theory’ related to precipitation was propounded by
(A) Boven
(B) Muir
(C) Peterson
(D) Bergeron
Answer: (D)
Q.15. Which one of the following parts of the Indian coast is a compound coast showing evidence of both submergence and emergence?
(A) Orissa coast
(B) Malabar coast
(C) Konkan coast
(D) Coromandel coast
Answer: (B)
Q.16. Darwin’s subsidence theory is related to
(A) Marine terraces
(B) Coral reefs
(C) Cycle of erosion
(D) Tides
Answer: (B)
Q.17. Fiord shorelines are formed due to
(A) Submergence of sub aerially eroded coast
(B) Submergence of glaciated coast
(C) Fluvial deposition
(D) Marine erosion
Answer: (B)
Q.18. Tsunamis are produced by
(A) Tides
(B) Cyclones
(C) Sub-marine earthquakes
(D) Shrinking of the earth’s crust
Answer: (C)
Q.19. Which one of the following sediment deposits covers the largest percentage of the ocean floor?
(A) Terrigenous
(B) Cosmogenous
(C) Biogenous
(D) Hydrogenous
Answer: (A)
Q.20. The term Ecology was first used by
(A) Tinsley
(B) Taylor
(C) De Martonne
(D) Jeans Brunhes
Answer: (Wrong question)
Q.21. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the code given below: (UGC NET JUNE 2013)
List – I
(a) Bhuj Earthquake
(b) RIO-World Summit
(c) World Environment Day
(d) Sandy Storm
List – II
(i) 2002
(ii) 5th June
(iii) 2012
(iv) 2001
Codes:
| a | b | c | d | |
| (A) | iv | i | ii | iii |
| (B) | i | iv | iii | ii |
| (C) | ii | i | iv | iii |
| (D) | iii | ii | i | iv |
Answer: (A)
Q.22. In which of the following years the Kyoto Protocol was signed?
(A) 1987
(B) 1997
(C) 1990
(D) 1985
Answer: (B)
Q.23. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and other labelled as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Behavioral Geography is now becoming much closer to a constructivists or transaction list epistemology, as propounded by neo-Kantian philosophers and psychologists.
Reason (R): The Geographers like White, Kirk, Gold and Kates have made signal contributions for behavioral movement in Geography.
Select your answer from the codes given below.
Codes:
(A) (A) is correct, but (R) is wrong.
(B) (A) is wrong, but (R) is correct.
(C) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(D) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Answer: (C)
Q.24. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below: (UGC NET JUNE 2013)
List – I (American Geographers)
(a) Carl Sauer
(b) H.H. Barrows
(c) W.M. Davis
(d) M. Jafferson
List – II (Contributions)
(i) Laws of primate city
(ii) Cycle of erosion
(iii) Geography as human ecology
(iv) Morphology of landscape
Codes:
| a | b | c | d | |
| (A) | ii | iii | iv | i |
| (B) | iv | iii | ii | i |
| (C) | iv | iii | i | ii |
| (D) | iii | iv | i | ii |
Answer: (B)
Q.25. ‘An Introduction to the Applicationof Geography to History’ and ‘The Geographical Distribution of Mankind’ is the works of
(A) Vidal de la Blache
(B) Carl Ritter
(C) Alfred Hettner
(D) Friedrich Ratzel
Answer: (D)
Q.26. First quarter of 20th century was to be considered as the golden age of German geography. Among the following, who were the great leaders of this period?
(i) A. Penck
(ii) H. Lautensach
(iii) C. Ritter
(iv) A. Hettner
(A) (i) and (iii) are correct.
(B) (iii) and (iv) are correct.
(C) (i) and (iv) are correct.
(D) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct.
Answer: (C)
Q.27. Who one of the following determined the place of Geography in the classification of sciences?
(A) Bernhard Varenius
(B) Philip Cluverius
(C) Immanuel Kant
(D) Sebastian Munster
Answer: (C)
Q.28. Which of the following statements is correct relating to Ratzel’s concept of ‘Lebensraum’?
(i) It is the geographical area within which living organisms develop.
(ii) It is the economic and cultural activity of peoples outside their enclosed settled area.
(iii) It deals with the relations between human society as a spatial organization and its physical setting.
(iv) It speaks ‘geopolitik’ and studies space from the view point of State.
(A) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct.
(B) (ii) and (iii) are correct.
(C) (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct.
(D) (i) and (iii) are correct.
Answer: (D)
Q.29. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and other labelled as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Humanistic Geography rejects positivism and quantification in geography.
Reason (R): Humanistic Geography emphasizes the role of the human agency and its creativity in the construction of place, space and landscape.
Select your answer from the codes given below.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer: (A)
Q.30. Which one of the following is correct chronological sequence of Arab geographers in the development of geography?
(A) Al-Biruni, Al-Idrisi, IbnBattuta, Ibn Khaldun
(B) Al-Idrisi, Ibn-Khaldun, Al- Masudi, Al-Biruni
(C) Ibn-Khaldun, Al-Masudi, Al- Biruni, Al-Idrisi
(D) Al-Masudi, Ibn-Battuta, Ibn- Khaldun, Al-Biruni
Answer: (A)
Q.31. In India which of the following criteria applied in defining a town has varied from census to census in recent decades?
(A) Density of population
(B) Total population
(C) Administrative status
(D) Working population
Answer: (D)
Q.32. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below: (UGC NET JUNE 2013)
List – I (Theory)
(a) Theory of Spatial Integration
(b) Theory of Innovation Diffusion
(c) Dependency Theory
(d) Theory of Circular and Cumulative Causation
List – II (Authors)
(i) G. Myrdal
(ii) A.G. Frank
(iii) John Friedman
(iv) T. Hagerstrand
Codes:
| a | b | c | d | |
| (A) | ii | i | iii | iv |
| (B) | i | ii | iv | iii |
| (C) | iii | iv | ii | i |
| (D) | iv | iii | i | ii |
Answer: (C)
Q.33. ‘Informational city’ is a term coined by
(A) David Harvey
(B) Richard Peet
(C) Edward Soja
(D) Manuel Castells
Answer: (D)
Q.34. Which one of the following models is based on the study of human ecology?
(A) Hagerstrand’s Innovation Diffusion Model
(B) Weber’s Location Model
(C) Zelinsky’s Mobility Transition Model
(D) Burgess and Parks’ Concentric Zone Model
Answer: (D)
Q.35. “Time-space compression” is a spatial concept given by
(A) Dorreen Massey
(B) David Harvey
(C) Daniel Bell
(D) Edward Soja
Answer: (B)
Q.36. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and other labelled as Reason (R). Select your answer from the codes given below:
Assertion (A): Regional disparities tend to reduce over time in a competitive free market economy.
Reason (R): The factors of production move from one region to another to maximize their rate of returns.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation.
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer: (A)
Q.37. When higher income groups re-occupy and revive older housing in attractive inner city areas, the process is called
(A) Filtering
(B) Gentrification
(C) Housing re-development
(D) Residential up gradation
Answer: (B)
Q.38. Factorial ecology is a method generally used to analyze
(A) Urban socio-spatial structures
(B) Physiographic regions
(C) Agro-climatic regions
(D) Combination of (B) and (C)
Answer: (A)
Q.39. To which of the following, ‘nomadism’ is the response of man?
(A) Large resources spread over large areas
(B) Large resources localized in a small area.
(C) Limited resources spread over a large area.
(D) Limited resources concentrated in a small area.
Answer: (C)
Q.40. According to Von Thunen Model, land rent and distance relationship of 5 crops i.e ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘d’ and ‘e’ is shown in the diagram given below. Which one the following pairs of crops substitute crop ‘c’? (UGC NET JUNE 2013)
(A) a – d
(B) d – e
(C) a – b
(D) b – d
Answer: (A)
Q.41.On the basis of the given map of an area, the best suitable place for locating a big iron and steel plant would be the site marked as (UGC NET JUNE 2013)
(A) a
(B) d
(C) b
(D) c
Answer: (B)
Q.42. Consider the following statements and select the correct answer using the codes given below:
The ships on the North Atlantic sea route are forced to the South of the true great circle route by:
(1) Fog associated with the contact of the cold Labrador Current and the warm Gulf Streamcurrent.
(2) Icebergs brought southward by the Labrador Current at certain seasons of the year.
(3) The strong polar icy winds from the North.
(4) The projecting landmass of Northeastern North America and the presence of warm Gulf Stream current.
Codes:
(A) (1) and (2) are correct.
(B) (1), (2) and (3) are correct.
(C) (1) and (3) are correct.
(D) All are correct.
Answer: (A)
Q.43. Which one is not the advantage of pipeline transport?
(A) Pipelines can be laid through difficult terrain as well as under water.
(B) Pipelines ensure steady supply.
(C) Pipeline operation involves very low consumption of energy.
(D) It is very easy to detect leakages and in the event of damage, pipelines can be repaired easily and quickly.
Answer: (Wrong question)
Q.44. Industries that manufacture individual components for the final assembly of product are known as:
(A) Subsidiary industries
(B) Small scale industries
(C) Ancillary industries
(D) Cottage industries
Answer: (C)
Q.45. In the transport network shown in the figure given below, which one of the locations has the maximum accessibility? (UGC NET JUNE 2013)
(A) a
(B) b
(C) c
(D) d
Answer: (A)
Q.46. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Tribal religion, where natural objects are deemed as spirits and demons, is often characterized by animinism.
Reason (R): Simplistic beliefs and practices often find a close association with ecological niche.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer: (A)
Q.47. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): There are wide variations in evolution of languages and species in the world.
Reason (R): Geographic isolation plays an important role in developing several forms of languages and species.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer: (A)
Q.48. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): In spatio-temporal diffusion of the culture, the language plays a major role.
Reason (R): Geographers often use language as an identification mark for different cultures.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer: (A)
Q.49. Given below are two statements. One labelled as Assertion (A) and other labelled as Reason (R). Select your answer from the codes given below:
Assertion (A): Biologically human races do not exist, yet races do exist as social constructs.
Reason (R): Racial hatred and prejudices are all too common in the world today, resulting from an irrational dislike of whatever is different.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer: (A)
Q.50. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and other labelled as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): India is a multi-religious and multi-ethnic society.
Reason (R): The Constitution of India offers to all citizens, individually and collectively, fundamental rights without discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer: (B)
Q.51. The statement that ‘A race is a valid biological concept _________ not a valid socio-cultural concept’ was made by
(A) A.L. Kroeber
(B) J.B. Birdsell
(C) Vidal de la Blache
(D) A.C. Haddon
Answer: (A)
Q.52. Geography of public finance can simply be defined as ‘Who gets what, where, at what cost?’. Name the geographer who made this statement
(A) R.J. Chorley
(B) Richard Peet
(C) AlaistarBonnett
(D) R.J. Bennett
Answer: (D)
Q.53. International aid helps poor countries due to resource transfers from rich countries but
(1) Divides world into donor and recipient countries.
(2) Makes donor countries more powerful in International trade and power relations.
(3) Forces recipient countries to carry out such economic reforms that might leave people worse-off.
(4) Compels recipient countries to buy donor nation goods.
(A) 1 and 4 are correct.
(B) 1, 2 and 3 are correct.
(C) 3 and 4 are correct.
(D) All are correct.
Answer: (D)
Q.54. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer using the codes given below: (UGC NET JUNE 2013)
List – I
(i) Long term planning
(ii) Public sector planning
(iii) Private sector planning
(iv) Town planning
List – II
(a) Indicative planning
(b) spatial planning
(c) imperative planning
(d) Perspective planning
Codes:
| a | b | c | d | |
| (A) | iii | iv | ii | i |
| (B) | ii | iv | i | iii |
| (C) | ii | iv | iii | i |
| (D) | iv | iii | ii | i |
Answer: (A)
Q.55. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and other labelled as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Regions, in fact, do change over time; they change in response to changing interrelationship of the spatial elements.
Reason (R): Planned intervention certainly proves to be of rapid momentum within the frame of socio-economic activities.
Select your answer from the codes given below:
Codes:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is correct, but (R) is wrong.
(D) (A) is wrong, but (R) is correct.
Answer: (A)
Q.56. Which technique was adopted by B.J.L. Berry in his classic study on functional regionalization of Indian economy?
(A) Composite Index Method
(B) Cluster Analysis
(C) Regression Analysis
(D) Multiple Factor Analysis
Answer: (D)
Q.57. Which of the following are not the major objectives of the Hill Area Development Programme?
(i) Agro-forestry
(ii) Large scale industries
(iii) Eco-preservation
(iv) Major irrigation projects
(A) (i) and (ii) are correct.
(B) (ii) and (iii) are correct.
(C) (ii) and (iv) are correct.
(D) (iii) and (iv) are correct.
Answer: (C)
Q.58. Who among the following applied the growth pole concept to geographic space, whereby growth poles came to be known as growth centers?
(A) Friedman
(B) Perroux
(C) Frank
(D) Boudeville
Answer: (D)
Q.59. In which Five Year Plan, balanced regional development was emphasized as one of the major objectives of the planning exercise and was one full chapter in the plan document?
(A) Second Plan
(B) Third Plan
(C) Fourth Plan
(D) Fifth Plan
Answer: (B)
Q.60. In ancient geography, the concept of region was first postulated by whom?
(A) Homer
(B) Herodotus
(C) Strabo
(D) Ptolemy
Answer: (C)
Q.61. The city region is an example of
(A) Formal region
(B) Functional region
(C) Compage region
(D) Adhoc region
Answer: (B)
Q.62. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The task of preparing a reasonably sound district plan has not made much headway in the States.
Reason (R): There is lack of effective coordination at the district level between various agencies involved in planning exercises.
In the context of the above statements, which one of the following is correct?
Codes:
(A) (A) is correct, but (R) is wrong.
(B) (A) is wrong, but (R) is correct.
(C) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(D) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Answer: (C)
Q.63. Which one of the following islands of India has volcanic origin?
(A) Car-Nicobar
(B) Barren
(C) North-Andaman
(D) Little-Nicobar
Answer: (B)
Q.64. Which of the following hills does not join the Anaimudi knot?
(A) Elamalai hills
(B) Palni hills
(C) Anaimalai hills
(D) Kudremukh hills
Answer: (D)
Q.65. Among the following which one is related to Blue Revolution in India?
(A) Horticulture
(B) Floriculture
(C) Pisciculture
(D) Sericulture
Answer: (C)
Q.66. Which one of the following groups of iron and steel plants is located outside the Chota Nagpur region?
(A) Bhilai, Bokaro, Rourkela
(B) Jamshedpur, Bokaro, Durgapur
(C) Bhilai, Salem, Bhdravati
(D) Salem, Bhadravati, Jamshedpur
Answer: (C)
Q.67. A map of R.F. 1/2,500 is enlarged by two-and-a-half times, what will be the scale of the enlarged map?
(A) 1/6,250
(B) 1/1,000
(C) 1/10,000
(D) 1/12,500
Answer: (B)
Q.68. Population density is usually shown by
(A) Isopleth method
(B) Choropleth method
(C) Chorochromatic method
(D) Decimetric method
Answer: (B)
Q.69. What is the pattern of settlement distribution if it’s Rn = 2.14?
(A) Perfect cluster
(B) Partially cluster
(C) Random
(D) Perfect uniform
Answer: (D)
Q.70. Ajai ranks seventeenth in a class of thirty-one. What is his rank from the last?
(A) 13
(B) 14
(C) 15
(D) 16
Answer: (C)
Q.71. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): Passive remote sensing systems have their own source of energy.
Reason (R): Active remote sensing systems depend on solar energy.
In the context of the above statements, which one of the following is correct?
Codes:
(A) (A) is correct, but (R) is wrong.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(D) Both (A) and (R) are wrong.
Answer: (D)
Q.72. The satellite image shown in television clearly depicts
(A) Temperature and rainfall
(B) Pressure and wind
(C) Clouds and snow cover
(D) Humidity and fog
Answer: (C)
Q.73. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer using the codes given below: (UGC NET JUNE 2013)
List – I (Satellite)
(a) Landsat V
(b) IRS
(c) SPOT
(d) IKONOS
List – II (Altitude in km)
(i) 832
(ii) 705
(iii) 904
(iv) 681
Codes:
| a | b | c | d | |
| (A) | ii | iv | i | iii |
| (B) | ii | iii | i | iv |
| (C) | iv | ii | iii | i |
| (D) | iv | i | iii | ii |
Answer: (B)
Q.74. Which one of the following characteristics separates GIS from the other systems?
(A) Map making and generalized output
(B) Linking spatial and non-spatial data
(C) Map designing and lay-out
(D) All of the above
Answer: (B)
Q.75. Cephalic index, which is to classify human races, is calculated as
(A) Ratio between the length and breadth of the nose.
(B) Ratio between the length of head and weight of human body.
(C) Ratio between flatness and length of the head.
(D) Ratio between breadth and length of the head.
Answer: (D)